ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
A 50-year-old male is admitted an acute myocardial
infarction. His ejection fraction is noted to be 30%. He
develops shortness of breath and his physical exam reveals
crackles bilaterally. The bedside CXR indicates pulmonary
edema. Which of the following best describes the
pathological cause of the edema?
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
C. Increased cardiac output
D. Decreased central venous pressure -
..ANSWER...Increased hydrostatic pressure
The direction of blood flow and the clinical severity of
symptoms in Tetralogy of Fallot is determined primarily by
the:
A. Presence of an atrial septal defect
B. Diameter of the tricuspid valve
C. Size of the left ventricle
D. Degree of pulmonary stenosis - ..ANSWER...Degree of
Pulmonary stenosis
A 36-year-old female presents to the ED with the chief
complaint of acute SOB and anxiety that started suddenly 2
to 3 hours ago while she was working around the house. She
denies chest pain. Her PMH is unremarkable. She takes oral
contraceptives, but no other medications. Vital signs are
temperature=99.1, RR=34, BP=148/90, pulse=100. Oxygen
saturation is 94% on room air. Laboratory tests reveal
WBC=7.1, Hgb=12.2, Hct=37.3, Na+=138, K+=4.7,
Cl=109, HCO3=25, BUN=14, Cr=0.9, glucose=106. ABGs
are obtained and reveal pH=7.52, HCO3=20, PaCO2=26,
PaO2=70. CXR and ECG are normal. What type of acid
base disorder does the patient suffer from?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis - ..ANSWER...Respiratory alkalosis
A 65-year-old male is brought for care by his wife because
of headache, nausea, and fatigue. PMH is significant for
small cell carcinoma of the lung diagnosed approximately 2
years ago. He also has a history of TIA (6 years ago) and
mild CHF. Vital signs are as follow: temperature=99.8F,
RR=18, BP=140/88, pulse=76. On examination, he is awake
but somewhat lethargic. Physical examination is
unremarkable. Laboratory tests reveal the following:
WBC=8.3, Hgb/Hct=10.2/30.7, glucose=106, serum
Na+=121 mEq/L, K+=4.3, BUN/Cr= 7.0/0.4. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone
(SIADH)
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Diabetes Insipidus
D. Compensated diastolic congestive heart failure -
..ANSWER...SIADH
Leo is a 40-year-old male who presents to the clinic with
complaints of shortness of breath while doing yard work. He
states he has had worsening of the shortness of breath
throughout the summer. He states when he was younger, he
had shortness of breath and coughed a lot at night. He was
given an inhaler for a few years, but he hasn't had any
trouble since he was about nine years old. Which findings
are most suggestive of a diagnosis of asthma?
A. Dry cough during exam, respiratory rate of 20
breaths/minute, and wheezing upon auscultation of posterior
lower lung lobes.
B. Dry cough noted during the exam, Sp02=96%, FEV1